The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels

The Communist Manifesto is written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which was published by a group of German born revolutionary socialists known as the Communist League. The main idea in this book is define the goals and theory of Communism. It explains how classes affect one another as well. This book consists of four different chapters which display Marx’s approach on Communism in different circumstances. This book is about Marx’s perspective on Communism, its effects, how it is criticized, people’s thoughts, and the goal of this party. In the first chapter of the Communist Manifesto, Marx claims that society will be split in two classes, the oppressors and the oppressed. The main point in this chapter is to display that there are two†¦show more content†¦Marx ends this section by claiming the bourgeoisie end up being destructive themselves, instead of building something up they tear it down. Marx’s claim is well compelled because not only does he explain his reasoning and claims, but he even uses an example of a class of people. It is compelling and definitely influential. The main point of this chapter is about Marx responding to the bourgeois criticism of communism. He declares that communists are interested in the same interests of the working class as a whole. He also claims that communists are differentiated from socialist parties by only focusing on the common interests of all workers and not the interests of any single national movement. The purpose of this chapter is to explain that â€Å"the immediate aim of the Communists is the same as that of all other proletarian parties: formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political power by the proletariat†. In the chapter Marx claims that once the proletariat achieve political power, it will eventually result with a classless society and abolishing bourgeois ways of production which undermines the continuance of of class antagonisms. Without class antagonism, the proletariat will lose their own class. He ends the chapter with â€Å"In plac e of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels The history of all hithero existing society is the history of class struggle. (Marx Engels 1848). This statement establishes the setting for the Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A bold proclamation, the Communist Manifesto set the stage at the time for illustrating, so distinctly, a prolonged tension between two opposing and intertwined classes of a capitalistic economy. Still resonating in contemporary society, class struggle, especially between these two classes has long challenged the perception and effective utilization of an capitalistic economy; in present American society, in present European society, and many more societal economies around the globe. Defining these two classes is essential to†¦show more content†¦Marx then tries to eliminate the power of the Bourgeois by eliminating property. Without private property the Bourgeois cannot control business and create capital. In Marxist theory the bourgeoisie indirectly or directly contro l property; bourgeoise might own factories, various mills, workshops, or other types of businesses; they could own the land their business are constructed on, or own services (like railroads or power grids) that such businesses depend on; they might be shareholders in companies that own such things, or own banks or lending institutions that such businesses are indebted to. The bourgeoisie are anyone who can take control of some productive capacity and leverage that control to make a profit for themselves. The proletariat do the actual labor of producing things. They work in factories, mills, railroads, power stations, banks, and every other business, but have no control over the business and cannot leverage that productive power to make a profit for themselves. They accept a wage for their labor. Marx expressed many views about the over empowerment of the bourgeoisies in The Communists Manifesto. Marx believed that the working class was not getting paid what they deserved for the quality of work that they were producing. Marx The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels In 1847, a group of radical workers who were called the â€Å"Communist League† met in London. During this meeting, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were commissioned to write a manifesto which soon became known as the Communist Manifesto. â€Å"A road map to history’s most important political document.† These words on the cover of one of the books newest editions to The Communist Manifesto represents that this document has been translated into many different form; this particular remake was meant for all levels of education. After reading the newly edited document by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels there is, indeed, a â€Å"road map† into the history of class struggles. The original Communist Manifesto opens with the words, â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing society, is the history of class struggles† (Gasper 39). This book expresses an attempt to explain the goals of Communism and its underlying movement. Also, the books argues that class str uggles are the initial motivating force behind all the historical developments. Everything we have today and that society is today all leads back to the main cause; the revolutions and conflicts between the little people and the big people or rather, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Following Marx and Engels famous beginning words to their novel is the interior that elaborates on their proposition. The first section, which is named â€Å"Bourgeois and Proletarians†, is where Marx portrays his vision of history. Here he focusses on the developmentShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Communist Manifesto† – the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels was published on February 21, 1848. This book is the first document of scientific communism and the first program of the international communist organizations and parties. It is the most systematic work of all thoughts and great teachings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† consists of the main statements of the materialistic conception of history, the impartial laws of social development, the laws ofRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1746 Words   |  7 Pagesdrawn on what the government can do that is acceptable. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince, in which he argues that people are naturally immoral and will do what they can, whether good or bad, to maintain well-liked. In The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the main argument is that humans are rational and would be able to govern themselves as a result of have one single class. When thoroughly analyzing each of the political works, it is clear that the main motivating factorsRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to begin explaining Communism and it s goals. The Manifesto suggests that history acts according to what is called â€Å"class struggle.† The â€Å"means of production† are what truly defines the class relationships according to Marx and Engels (Marx 2002). Inevitably, the classes conflict and become hostile, no longer moving fluidly (Spalding 2000). The Manifesto states that this conflict becomes so severe that it eventually becomes a revolutionRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels831 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 4, 2015 COMM 8200 Analysis of The Communist Manifesto A spectre is haunting Europe--the spectre of Communism. The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory behind the movement. Marx sees all of Europe allied against the idea of communism and consistently demonizes it and its followers. This caused the Communists to assemble in London and create this Manifesto in order to make t heir views public and clarifiedRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto, By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesThe Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto was drafted under the commission of the Communist League, a body that consisted of a group of radical workers who were disgruntled by the abject poverty of the working class in industrialized Europe. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the authors of the Communist Manifesto, lived at a time when the gap between the rich and the poor was becoming evidently wide, and the working class was struggling to survive. The Communist Manifesto is a result of contextRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto, By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1000 Words   |  4 Pagesis the history of class struggles† (Marx). In the year 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels decided to publish a manifesto after sitting down and sharing ideas for a period of time. Today, that piece of writing is known as The Communist Manifesto. In this book, Marx, the principal author stated that escaping from alienation required a revolution. That was the only possible way in which a political as well as a socia l change could have been seen. Therefore, Marx’ theory implied the use of violenceRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels835 Words   |  4 Pages The Communist Manifesto is written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which was published by a group of German born revolutionary socialists known as the Communist League. The main idea in this book is define the goals and theory of Communism. It explains how classes affect one another as well. This book consists of four different chapters which display Marx’s approach on Communism in different circumstances. This book is about Marx’s perspective on Communism, its effects, how it is criticized,Read MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of all hithero existing society is the history of class struggle. (Marx Engels 1848). This statement establishes the setting for the Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A bold proclamation, the Communist Manifesto set the stage at the time for illustrating, so distinctly, a prolonged tension between two opposing and intertwined classes of a capitalis tic economy. Still resonating in contemporary society, class struggle, especially between these two classesRead MoreEssay The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels958 Words   |  4 PagesThe Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, outlines how a society should be run under communism. The document provides truths to what is wrong with society; what causes these wrongs; how they can be fixed; and how this relates to humans and nature. Marx was a political philosopher of German ancestry. Marx and Engels split the document up into four sections: Section 1: Bourgeois and Proletarians, section 2:Read MoreManifesto Of The Communist Party, Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels927 Words   |  4 Pages In Manifesto of the Communist Party, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels outline the issues associated with the division of society into two groups: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie is a group that encompasses modern capitalists. The proletariat group pertains to the modern working class. While these two groups appear in today’s world, the authors make it evident that all throughout history there has been a division in society between oppressors and oppressed. They mention that in

The United States Should Legalize Physician Assisted Death

Life is a delicate subject to address, especially when it comes to the end thereof. Oftentimes, talking about death is a sensitive and therefore controversial subject. In America, citizens are allowed to hold and express their personal ideologies and beliefs, which has created a lot of discussion about whether or not it should be legal for doctors to help terminally ill patients peacefully end their lives. This is commonly referred to as Aid-In-Dying. The human experience is filled with many difficulties and sufferings. In the dreadful circumstance that someone is diagnosed as terminally ill, why would anyone want him or her to continue to suffer? When a human being is dying and experiencing excruciating pain, they absolutely should have†¦show more content†¦Stage 1 involves disbelief that they have been diagnosed with a life-ending disease. They oftentimes become very angry and feel guilty as though they have done something wrong to receive such a diagnosis. Stage 2 involve s depression, which usually occurs a few weeks after the diagnosis and typically lasts the duration of the person’s life. Stage 3 is acceptance. Acceptance that they are at the end of their life, and everything as they know it soon will be gone. The love for their child, family, and friends, their goals and aspirations, the experiences that never happened will all soon be stripped away and there is nothing they can do about it. As this numbing realization of death drowns and constantly presents itself to the person suffering, they are constantly reminded that whatever they are currently doing, whether it be going to their child’s soccer game on the weekend, eating their favorite food, doing their favorite hobby, or sleeping next to their loved one at night, could possibly be their last time ever doing so. As this unfolds, do not forget that they are experiencing torturing, blinding, life-taking pain; and all they want is for only a brief moment of tranquility, however the evilness of their disease will not grant it to them. After months of suffering, when the pills stop working, all hope for a miracle is long gone, and they can’t even get out of bedShow MoreRelatedEssay On Physician Assisted Death753 Words   |  4 PagesIt should be legal for patients suffering painful, incurable diseases to choose to have a physician assisted death. People die every day in the United States of long term illness, often while suffering massive amounts of pain and with extended hospital stays. According to the American Cancer Society in 2015 approximately sixteen hundred people died every day from cancer. Of those sixteen hundred people dying from cancer eighty percent died in the hospital, which can cost up to $10,000.00 to maintainRead MoreWhat Is Physician Assisted Suicide?939 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Physician assisted suicide? Requests to end suffering through physician assisted suicide have occurred since the beginning of medicine. This techniq ue to end ones life is very controversial and some argue that it should be legal while others argue otherwise. There are multiple advantages and disadvantages when it comes to physician assisted suicide. In physician assisted suicide, the physician provides the necessary means to end a patient’s life, but the patient themselves performs the actRead MoreEthical and Legal Debates on Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the greatest miracles in life, is life itself, but where is life there’s death. So as unexpected as life is shall death be the same, or can we choose on how we leave this earth. Over the years, the laws and ethical consternation regarding the debatable subject of euthanasia and assisted suicide, have been questioned frequently by society. Though the question may never be answered between euthanasia and assisted suicide being right or wrong, the fact of the matter is that people are still choosingRead MorePhysician Assisted Death Should Be Legal1618 Words   |  7 Pages A lot of controversy revolves around the topic of Physician Assisted Death (PAD) in America today. Should it be legalized throughout the whole United States? Should it be left in the hands of the states individually to decide? Or should the idea of Physician-Assisted Death be completely abolished? Everyone has their own opinions and can be very passionate about this topic without fully knowing what Physician Assisted Death is. The name may cause people to feel uncomfortable and disagree withRead MorePhysician Assisted Death For The Terminally Ill1601 Words   |  7 Pages University Name Name of The Institute Course Title A Report on Physician assisted death for the terminally ill in US Student Name Introduction In United States, Euthanasia  is a highly controversial subject among politicians, legislators and society members. Just the mention of this issue polarizes different groups on opposing ends as some either support it and others want to keep it illegal and unlawful(Steck, Egger, Maessen, Reisch, Zwahlen, 2013). The main ideology that is discussedRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Is physician assisted suicide ethical? Physician assisted suicide is an up and coming ethical question that examines a person’s right to their own death. Many people support physician assisted suicide, citing that it can save a lot of pain and suffering. Others claim that the concept of physician assisted suicide is a slippery slope. A slippery slope in the sense that if society accepts euthanasia as a rightful death for the terminally ill, they will potentially acceptRead MorePAS: The Right of Each Patient1624 Words   |  7 Pages As a congressman from the state of Oregon that currently has a regulated physician assisted suicide program for the terminally ill, I am writing to you today, Mr. Blumenauer, to possibly convince you to draft a national law to legalize PAS for the United States specifically for the terminally ill. As you may know, the talk within this issue has been going around quite some time. Many americans fear that by legalizing PAS that it might create probl ematic issues that could lead to abuse as well asRead MorePosition Essay Euthanasia1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe Good Death Euthanasia has been a hotly debated social question for many years. For many reasons people ask for assistance to end their lives. It is legal in most states for a person to end their own life, but if someone helps someone carry out that wish, then that is a crime. It shouldn’t be illegal to help someone end their life if they wish to die to end their pain. The only sensible thing would be to legalize physician assisted suicide so that people can feel comfortable and pass awayRead MoreThe Ethics Of Physician Assisted Suicide1723 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician assisted suicide, the suicide of a patient suffering from an incurable disease, effected by the taking of lethal drugs provided by a doctor for this purpose. The question of whether or not this practice should be made legal in the United States has been one of controversy since 1997. Beginning with the case of Washington v. Glucksberg, where the United States Supreme Court ruled that the matter of the constitutiona lity of a right to a physician’s aid in dying, was best left up to the statesRead MoreAssisted Suicide Is Not Common For All Areas Throughout The United States890 Words   |  4 PagesAssisted Suicide Imagine being diagnosed with a life-ending disease and experiencing such excruciating pain that doctors say cannot be healed. Pain is a terrible thing to experience, especially when it is permanent. What can be done to relieve that pain? What if the only option to rid the pain from the patient is death? No one knows how that feels until it happens to them, that is why assisted suicide is used. Assisted suicide is a practice throughout most of the United States that terminates

Supply Chain Linkages in Muga and Eri in Assam free essay sample

Supply Chain Linkages in Muga and Eri Silk Sector of Assam: Every silk industry has a value added chain from silk worm eggs to fabrics or finished garments. In this chain, every activity has its own importance and a specialized knowledge is required to perform each and every activity. Different activities in the supply chain are widely spread all over the state. The activities performed in the areas formed clusters such as clusters of Cocoons production, Silk Reeling, Spinning, Dying and Weaving. All the activities are interdependent with each other. But the linkage among all the players of the chain is established by some intermediaries or traders. First of all we are going to discuss about the Silk Worm Seed Sector: Silk Worm Silk Sector: As stated above, the production of silk worm seed needs specialized knowledge since it is a complicated activity. The Central Silk Board has set up the Muga Silk Worm Seed Organization (MSSO) in 1983 in order to produce DFLs. Since then the organization has been trying to multiply Muga seed. From the basic seed the multiplication process starts and finally commercial seeds are produced. But from the field study it has been found that the rearers themselves produce a large quantity of seeds for their use. Though Government’s efforts to produce P2 DFL have become successful to some extent, the amount of seeds produced by Government institutes is not at all sufficient to meet the demand of the rearers. So the State Government (Assam Government) has been supporting the private graineurs to produce Muga seed since 2001. But this effort of the Government has not been able to show expected results. The rearers purchase seeds from the Government as well as private seed suppliers on credit. However, if the purchase is made from the grainages operated by the CSB, cash transaction has to be done. It is also observed that a good number of middlemen supply seed to the rearers for contract rearing. In this case also seed is supplied on credit. The dues with the rearers are settled after the production of cocoons is completed. In the next page a diagram relating to supply chain linkage of Muga seed production is given. Supply chain linkage of Muga seed production Figure-1 The distribution of Muga Seeds from the Government level is done as follows: Category% OF Selection of SeedControlling Unit P4 Seed100% seed selection is doneExclusively under CSB P3 Seed95% Seed selection is doneExclusively under CSB P2 Seed90% Seed Selection is doneDOS/ CSB P1 Seed85% Seed Selection is doneDOS Commercial75% Seed Selection is doneAny party The multiplication of Muga Seed is done in the following way: Figure-2 From the above diagram it can be mentioned that one P2 level Seed Graineur supply seeds to 4 Seed rearers of P1 level and 1 P1 level seed rearer can supply seeds to 16 Commercial rearers with the process of multiplication of seeds. The chain of Muga seed supply for different broods in a year is shown below: Figure-3 Cocoon Sector: Generally the Muga rearers involve in producing Jethua and Kotia cocoons in large scale for commercial purpose. But for seed, cocoons are produced throughout the year either by the private rearers or Government initiatives. The supply chain of Muga Cocoon production and marketing is shown in the next page: Supply Chain Linkages of Muga Cocoon Production and Marketing: Figure-4 It is noteworthy that the entire amount of production of cocoon is sold since its demand is always higher than supply. Cocoon trading is mainly done in Kamrup district of Assam since the biggest Muga weaving cluster –Sualkuchi is situated in the district. The cocoon traders engage agents in order to collect cocoons from rearers scattered in different parts of the state. It is observed that the agents or sub-agents engaged by cocoon traders visit door to door of the rearers and collect cocoon though a small amount of cocoon is sold in weekly Haats. So far as the production of Eri cocoon is concerned, commercial approach in producing them is yet to be adopted. Except in some areas of Udalguri district where the production is partially commercialized. The Supply Chain Linkage of Eri Cocoon is given below: Supply Chain Linkage of Eri Cocoon Figure-5 Yarn Sector: Yarn production is one of the most important intermediary activities of the supply chain linkage of silk sector. This particular activity is generally concentrated in and around the Cocoon production cluster and weaving clusters. But in case of Muga silk the cocoon production areas are not situated in the Muga weaving cluster. Cocoon production clusters are spread all over the state and Muga cocoons are brought to the Muga Weaving cluster. As mentioned earlier, Sualkuchi is the biggest Muga weaving cluster in the world. 6Cocoons are bought by the Reelers and the Reelers sell Yarn to the Weavers and loom Owners. Sometimes reeling activity is also done by the weavers. Generally, the reeling activity is regarded as an independent activity. But it is observed in the Sualkuchi Muga Weaving cluster that a good number of reelers are engaged either by traders or by the master weavers. Individual yarn producers acquire their raw materials on their own. But those who are engaged by different parties such as master reelers, weavers and traders do not acquire the raw materials i. e. cocoons themselves. Affluent reelers of different areas, other than Sualkuchi, collect yarn from other small reelers and sale their yarn at Sualkuchi. Following figure shows the layout of yarn production activity in the Muga and Eri silk industry of Assam. All the possible linkages with each activity of the supply chain are mentioned in the figure: Figure-6 Source of Raw Materials Yarn Marketing Supply Chain linkage for yarn Production and Marketing Weaving Sector: Weaving is one of the most specialized activities in the supply chain linkages of the silk sector. On the other hand this is one of the most organized sectors unlike other activities of the chain. The weavers or the fabric producers are generally grouped into two levels i. e. omestic weavers and commercial weavers. Domestic weavers are those weavers who do the weaving job for their own consumption as well as for commercial weavers. The commercial weaving activity is controlled by the Master weavers who are having sufficient number of looms. In Kamrup district of Assam Sualkuchi-Bamundi (for Muga silk), Bijaynaga, Palashbari, Hajo, Rampur (for Eri weaving) are the major w eaving clusters where 90% weaving activity of the state is done. In Assam, the weaving activity has become more popular and received a new dimension since the demand of natural silk has gone up. The new generation, particularly the weavers of Sualkuchi are very young and educated. These new generation weavers use modern devises of weaving and they are very much interested in making modern dresses out of Muga and Eri silk. The master weavers hire labourers for weaving job. From our study it has been found that there is dearth of skilled labourers, The wages of the labourers (hired weavers) are determined by the Master weavers based on their amount of production. It is observed that the designs are repetitive, monotonous and highly region specific with limited colour patterns. The products are generally sold to the retail show rooms, Government Emporia’s, self-retail outlets, wholesalers and cooperative societies. The Supply Chain Linkages for Fabric Production and Marketing is mentioned in the following figure: Figure-7 Supply Chain Linkages for Silk fabric Production and Marketing Conclusion: The Supply chain linkage is the collection of interrelated, independent process that work together to turn inputs into outputs in the pursuit of some goals. Each activity must be done properly and sincerely in order to produce results. The quality of ultimate products i. e. abrics entirely depends on the performance of each activity in the chain. If any activity in the chain gets disturbed the entire chain will be weak since all the activities are interdependent. Due to the climate change and over use of pesticide in the tea gardens the Muga cocoon production sector of Assam has received a serious setback. Consequently, all the activities in the Muga silk sec tor have been suffering a lot. As Muga is the endemic to the North eastern region of India, The Central silk Board and the Government of Assam should formulate a special policy to retain or sustain this sector. Assam produces 95% of the total production of Muga and the rest is produced by other North Eastern States of India. Nowhere in the world Muga is produced except North Eastern Region of India. So it is the demand of the time to do for the sustenance of the sector. (This research paper is the fruit of a Major Research Project entitled â€Å"Marketing of Natural Silk Products Produced in Assam : A study of the biggest Muga Weaving Cluster of the world-Sualkuchi† sponsored by the Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi) Dr. Jatindra Nath Saikia is the Associate Professor, Department of Human Resource Management, Golaghat Commerce College, Golaghat-785 621, Assam. Email: [emailprotected] com) Note: since the information are Primary ones, there is no reference to be mentioned in the paper. o

Prewriting Techniques for Your Essay

There are different prewriting techniques to help you structure your research before begin to write an essay. Prewriting techniques will make your topic clear and prevent you from getting stuck. Obviously, your professor is expecting to see a well-organized paper, which presents a story or a branch of interesting facts. Prewriting techniques and exercises will help you develop your argument and determine the course of draft. Creating an outline An outline will help you structure your essay in the way your audience can understand and follow it easily. You can make it informal: just put down your thesis statement, briefly describe what to begin with, in the introduction, move to the body of your paper and describe what every paragraph will discuss, and finally include what you want to say in the conclusion. Sometimes professors ask their students to develop a detailed outline with headings and subheadings to show the bonds between facts and ideas in the essay. This one might look as follows: Introduction Attention grabber Include an interesting fact or statistical data to grab your readers attention. Brief background Write a couple of sentences to describe the history of topic/issue. Thesis statement End it with a strong thesis statement which embodies the main argument of the paper. Body paragraphs Topic sentence Every paragraph should contain a claim that shows what you are going to discuss in it. Supporting argument Explain the claim and dont forget to support it with quotations from reliable sources. Analysis Explain how your argument supports the claim and essays thesis statement. Conclusion Restate your thesis statement. Offer a solution for a problem if it is possible. What are your ideas about the future analysis of the issue? If your paper requires you to write about specific areas of the topic, include more detailed information about them in your body paragraphs. Prewriting exercises Question-asking This exercise will help you to determine where to start with your writing. It requires you to write down a list of questions that are relevant to your topic. If something seems to be unclear about the topic, formulate legitimate questions and try to answer them when you begin to read background materials. This will help you clear up the air and get a lot of thoughts and ideas to start with. Also, think about the potential questions your audience may have and force yourself to find the answers. By means of these answers, you will get the general concept for your essay. Brainstorming Give yourself fifteen minutes and write down as many ideas and questions about the topic as you can. For example: What is the most interesting thing about this topic? What can my audience and I learn from this? What are the benefits of learning more about it? Most often these ideas are the main points of the topic. Mindmapping Take a piece of paper and a draw a circle in the center of it and write the subject of your essay in that circle. Below write down the main points you are going to discuss and circle each of them, too. Think of other ideas relevant to the main points, write them down below and connect them with lines. Repeat this process until you run out of ideas. This will help you identify the main points for your paper and discover how they are linked to each other. Freewriting Start with summarizing your topic in one sentence. Then write everything that comes to your mind about without censoring your ideas. Forget about grammar and punctuation, just let your ideas flow. Dont pressure yourself to make it perfect and just dont stop writing. If you give it a chance, it might work as a powerful creative tool and take your ideas somewhere extremely productive and unexpected. Outlining and other prewriting exercises will help you to keep focused on every aspect of your research. It becomes particularly effective at times when you need to go back and clarify all important points not to miss something. Use these planning tips and you will never get lost in your drafting and writing!