Touch of Evil Essay Example for Free

Touch of Evil EssayTouch of Evil (Orson Welles, 1958) move to lift the stylish low-budget crime drama form with quality directing, writing, acting, cinematography, soundtrack, and locations, while maintaining the authentic film-noir motif. One of the key elements of film-noir was steamy rideuality, and Touch of Evil employ this genre feature enthusiastically with lurid and seductive characterizations and scenes of tawdry sexual tension.Touch of Evil takes place in a molding town among the USA and Mexico, representing the thin line separating two different cultures and realities. The lead character finds himself in a dilemma when a murder takes just as he and his bride cross the border. He struggles to deal with local officials without ruining his honeymoon, but events conspire against him. The local Sheriff is dishonest, his wife is kidnapped by his enemies, and his murder investigation takes him into an underworld of human misery, corruption, and sleaze.In 1958, interracia l relationships were socially unacceptable, perhaps even forbidden in certain sections of America. Hollywood generally avoided the subject until the controversial Guess Whos Coming to dinner party (1967, Stanley Kramer), almost a decade later. So when Touch of Evils opening scene presents a Hispanic man and a Caucasian women, a newly wed couple, it purposely introduces an element designed to produce audience anxiety.When Orson Welles character, Sheriff Quinlan, realizes that the characters portrayed by Charleton Heston as Miguel Vargas, a virile Mexican, and Janet Leigh as Suszie, a sexy American, are a honeymooning husband and wife, he snidely comments, She dont look Mexican. Earlier, the Mexican border guards addressed the same issue with similar disdain. These scenes give interraciality as a socially unaccepted custom in the films universe and focuses the audiences attention and expectation of danger on the issue. The plot soon fulfills the expectation.Vargas, an honest and inco rruptible police official, tries to help the local police solve a murder that he and Suzie witnessed as they crossed the border into Mexico in the open scene. In one scene of high sexual tension and fantasy Suzie, in seductive lingerie, in the privacy of her hotel room, has phone sex with her husband who has called her from a pay phone. A blind man, adding a titillating voyeurism to the scene overhears the conversation.Matters are complicated when Suzie is kidnapped by criminals with a grudge against Vargas, and Vargas dedication to his prosecurial occupation and concern for his wife leave him with a dilemma of two separate crises both demanding him to take action. The stakes rise when Vargas becomes convinced that the local sheriff (Welles Quinlan) is corrupt and is skeletal frame an innocent man.Vargas tries several times to rescue Suzie, which fail and serve to incite the kidnappers to threaten Suzie with sexual degradation, and ultimately places her in even greater danger of macrocosm murdered. The result of these events on top of the smoldering relationship between the main characters is a story that produces a story environment of smoldering sexuality that produces scenes preponderating with sexual anxiety.Sources consultedTouch of Evil http//www.imdb.com/title/tt0052311 retreived Oct. 16, 2007Ebert, Roger. Review of Touch of Evil September 13, 1998 http//rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19980913/REVIEWS08/401010367/1023

Profit and Loss Essay Example for Free

Profit and way come in EssayProfit and injustice bank notes, symmetry sheets Profit and loss accounts, oddment sheets Two of the most important financial statements for a moving in are the Profit and Loss Account, and the end tatter. The Profit and Loss Account shows the dinero or loss of a rail line over a given decimal point of time e. g. 3 months, 1 year, etc. In contrast, the Balance Sheet is like a photograph taken at an instant in time giving a picture of what the business owns and what the business owes at that signification in time. As we shall see it will always balance because what the business owns is financed by what the business owes. The Profit and Loss (PL account)Net bread takes account of other sources of income and expenditure that are not involved in normal operations e. g. interest paid on loans and interest received on having a positive balance in a bank account. Turnover is the assess of sales made in a trading period. It is some eferred to as sale revenue and is calculated by the average price of items sold x the number sold. Cost of sales calculates the send out costs of manufacturing items, or get in items to sell them on. Expenses are the overhead costs of running a business. These overheads cant be tied down to special(prenominal) cost units. For example, it would be precise difficult to calculate what fraction of the heating cost of a pen factory can be allocated to just i pen. The Balance Sheet is a statement showing the assets, liabilities and owners big(p) of a business at a particular Downloaded from The 100 Edition http//www. he100. co. uk moment in time, for example the year end. The Balance Sheet balances because the assets that a business possesses at a specific time have been financed either through the provision of pileus by the owners or by the creation of external liabilities Value of assets = Value of Liabilities Value of Owners great. There are a number of things that we can see from lo ok at a balance sheet, for example 1. The Net Assets of the business, i. e. the difference between the value of the assets and the value of the liabilities.A growth in net assets tends to indicate a growing business. 2. How solvent the business is. In other words, does it have enough assets that are short landmark, and hence easily converted into cash, to pay any pressing short-term liabilities. Case utilisation A typical balance sheet will be set out in the following way (note that we use two tugs. The first column is for minor calculations, the second column is for grand totals) Balance Sheet of Superior Traders, as at 31st December 2004 Fixed assets consist of those items that are kept within the business to create wealth over a period of time e. . machinery, equipment, vehicles, computers, etc. Current assets are used in the short period to generate income for a business. For example, in a manufacturing company like Kraft, stocks would represent products that have already be en made and are waiting to be sold onto retailers. typically stocks will be sold on credit for periods of one month, two months, or three months. Retailers buying stocks on credit from Kraft would become Krafts debtors. At the end of the credit period they will pay up in the form of cash, enabling Kraft to buy more raw materials to create get on stocks.Creditors due within one year are the sums that a business owes money to in the short period otherwise known as authorized liabilities. Net current assets is a measure of how solvent or liquid a business is. Many businesses need to have working capital. operative capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets Working capital = Current assets Current liabilities Note that the figure for net current assets appear virtually in the centre of a balance sheet, and is a figure that many people will look at first to check on the solvency of a business. fundamental assets current liabilities is a sum that a ppears in the balance sheet simply doing what the title suggests. Creditors due after more than one year shows the long-term term liabilities of the bsiness. Total net assets is calculated by taking away all the liabilities (both current and long term) from all of the assets (both current and long term). Shareholders funds shows the value of the shareholders capital in the business. It will always be the same value as the total net assets and it balances the account. Downloaded from The 100 Profit and loss accounts, balance sheets Profit and loss accounts, balance sheetsTwo of the most important financial statements for a business are the Profit and Loss Account, and the Balance Sheet. The Profit and Loss Account shows the profit or loss of a business over a given period of time e. g. 3 months, 1 year, etc. In contrast, the Balance Sheet is like a photograph taken at an instant in time giving a picture of what the business owns and what the business owes at that moment in time. As we shall see it will always balance because what the business owns is financed by what the business owes. The Profit and Loss (PL account) One of the most important objectives of a business is to make a profit.The PL account shows the extent to which it has been successful in achieving this objective. Companies are expected to keep their PL accounts in certain formats. Typically the PL account will show the revenues received by a business and the costs involved in generating that revenue. In simple terms Revenues Costs = Profits. A typical PL account will look like the following Case Study PL Account for Superior Traders as at 31/12/2004 You can find out the coarse profit of a business by deducting cost of sales from turnover ? 100,000 ? 50,000 = ? 0,000 You can find out the operating profit by deducting the expenses from the gross profit ? 50,000 ? 30,000 = ? 20,000 You may also come across the term net profit. Operating profit is earned from carrying out a businesses normal o perations e. g. producing confectionery, or selling Christmas cards. Net profit takes account of other sources of income and expenditure that are not involved in normal operations e. g. interest paid on loans and interest received on having a positive balance in a bank account. Turnover is the value of sales made in a trading period.It is sometimes referred to as sale revenue and is calculated by the average price of items sold x the number sold. Cost of sales calculates the direct costs of manufacturing items, or buying in items to sell them on. Expenses are the overhead costs of running a business. These overheads cant be tied down to particular cost units. For example, it would be very difficult to calculate what fraction of the heating cost of a pen factory can be allocated to just one pen. The Balance Sheet is a statement showing the assets, liabilities and owners capital of a business at a particular Downloaded from The Times 100 Edition oment in time, for example the year end. The Balance Sheet balances because the assets that a business possesses at a specific time have been financed either through the provision of capital by the owners or by the creation of external liabilities Value of assets = Value of Liabilities Value of Owners capital. There are a number of things that we can see from looking at a balance sheet, for example 1. The Net Assets of the business, i. e. the difference between the value of the assets and the value of the liabilities. A growth in net assets tends to indicate a growing business. Creditors due within one year are the sums that a business owes money to in the short period otherwise known as current liabilities. Net current assets is a measure of how solvent or liquid a business is. Many businesses need to have working capital. Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets Working capital = Current assets Current liabilities Note that the figure for net current assets appear almos t in the centre of a balance sheet, and is a figure that many people will look at first to check on the solvency of a business.Total assets current liabilities is a sum that appears in the balance sheet simply doing what the title suggests. Creditors due after more than one year shows the longer term liabilities of the bsiness. Total net assets is calculated by taking away all the liabilities (both current and long term) from all of the assets (both current and long term). Shareholders funds shows the value of the shareholders capital in the business. It will always be the same value as the total net assets and it balances the account. Downloaded from The Times 100 Edition.

Importance of Strategic Planning and Management

Importance of Strategic Planning and ManagementStrategic management involves decisions concerning what a company might do, given the opportunities in its environment what it rear end do, given the resources at its disposal what it wants to do, given the personal values and aspirations of key decision take aimrs and what it should do, given the ethical and legal context in which it is operating(a) (Dobson). Organizations carry to know where they are heading to and a firm concept of the kind of business it is in. An organizations product-market scope specifies the particular products or services of the organization and the growth sender is the direction the organization is moving in harm of its current product-market scope. Strategic management is an art and science that must be studied by draw management and it involves formulating, implementing and evaluating the cross-functional decisions that have been created so that an organization can grasp its objectives. The organizatio n identifies its objectives, acquire the resources needed to implement the policies and strategies to achieve its goals. In order to be successful, strategicalalal management synthesizes the activities of the different sectors of the business such as sales, marketing, production, etc. so that organizational goals can be achieved. Also, strategic management is a continuous mathematical process of assessing the business, the industry it belongs, its competitors, for the improvement of the organization.According to Carter McNamara, Strategic planning determines where an organization is going over the neighboring year or more and how its going to get there. (McNamara 2008). The strategic planning process is organization-wide, or it can be focused on a major function. The major activities of the strategic planning process include strategic analysis setting strategic direction and action planning.Small business owners need strategic planning because it involves figuring out where the business is going with the bugger off of achieving overall success and at the same time, pinpoint strategic objectives. Owners of small businesses must give time to look for focusings to grow and increase turnover. approximately big businesses have used strategic planning when they were still new and small businesses. Strategic planning and business strategy are essential to achieve the goals of the business and without strategic planning and decision making, no business can head forward over the long term.Strategic demands the owners own thoughts and ideas and owners must make it as a major concern. His/Her personal investment in strategic planning is essential and fundamental to make the business to grow and improve the way the business operates and without strategic planning, the business will likely stumble into one problem to another. Therefore, small business owners must consider strategic planning often and regularly as it is essential to long term success.The four funct ions of management in relation to the creation and implementation of an organizations strategic plan are as follows planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. This paper is going to analyze an external IT company that has been assigned and contracted to take over the internal IT functions of an organization, particularly, the desktop support department. The goal of the external IT accompany is to offer the highest quality service with an equally high financial return rate. In the planning stage, the company has to analyze the needs of the organization in terms of technology such as hardware types to support, peripherals, and other various office related equipment. The number of customers impacts the number of support staff needed and the skill levels required. The next phase is organizing and the company is going to reduce the number of their desk side support team for the purpose of minimizing expenses but they have to assign a technician to build an operating system, customi ze it so that the security needs and standards of the organization are met. The next phase is leading and its purpose is to channel the behavior of the personnel so that the organizations relegation and objectives are accomplished. In the IT Company, they need to establish good relationship with their staff, give good compensation and benefits, provide them with the best training, promotion, and others so that they will be motivated and become more effective and contribute to the success of the organization. The last function is controlling which refers to the process of establishing the performance standards according to the companys objectives, comparing and taking prophylactic device or corrective action as necessary. The controlling function involves evaluating and reporting the actual job performance of their staff. It is important that these points be studied and further corrective and preventive actions can be decided. In solving performance problems, there is a need for m anagement to higher their standards, speak to the employee on any problem that hinders him/her to constitute excellently, and check any other problems that may affect performance.Effective and efficient management leads to success, the success where it attains the objectives and goals of the organizations. (Pakhare, J. 2007). In achieving the ultimate goal, management has to be creative in solving problems in all the four functions.Referenceshttp//www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/BPL_Images/Content_store/Sample_chapter/140511181X/Dobson_strategic%20management_sample%20chapter.pdfhttp//www.oppapers.com/essays/Definition-Strategic-Management/127324http//managementhelp.org/plan_dec/str_plan/basics.htmhttp//www.articlesphere.com/Article/The-Importance-of-Business-Strategy-Planning/156896http//www.articlesbase.com/strategic-planning-articles/four-functions-of-management-outsource-technology-377102.htmlhttp//answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070510055850AAFFm0yhttp//www.buzzle.co m/articles/management-concepts-the-four-functions-of-management.html

Efficiency Of Step Down Transformer Biology Essay

Efficiency Of Step Down Transformer Biology EssayThis extended bear witness deals with the skill of maltreat down transformers in relation the modern d edgedn in the inessential draw in. Transformers atomic number 18 entirelyness of the most widely used components in electronic arts. Due to its ability to effectively convert potentials to a desired EMF (electro motive force), I thought that analyzing the advocator of such a ruse could provide valu commensurate insights for in army to cut force-out outletes an issue that is becoming a growing concern with the depletion of fossil fuels.My initial venture was that a greater accepted drawn in the auxiliary coil would result in a greater efficiency. This was based on a mathematical proof. My sampleation with the step down transformer gave me results that supported my initial hypothesis, thus suggesting that the efficiency ontogenyd with an increase in sure drawn. This was plotted on a graph, and a linear relationsh ip was obtained. The data was non as precise as preferred, as there were intellectable errors with efficiency. However, this was due to the equipment used. The data that I collected was extremely ideal as the R2 value of the graph obtained was 0.985.The strong evidence in favour of the relation has led me to believe that an optimum return current depose be identified for each device to minimise causation passage in the device as a whole. Considering the number of electronic devices that use transformers today, it get out assist in ameliorating the push crisis. However, promote research as well as inclusion of step up transformers depart provide more than than(prenominal) conclusive evidence.Word Count 254ContentsIntroduction king TransmissionThe electricity that is generated at the billet stations has to be brought to our households and industries to be of each use. The effect could be brought to us in two ways By using a low potential drop and heights current By using a proud potential and low currentThis is true because of the relation P = VI, where P is post, V is voltage and I is Current so in narrate to keep the power constant as the voltage increases the current must decrease and vice versa.If option 1 high current and low voltage is used, then there leave alone be a tremendous loss in competency. As the current passes through the outfits connecting the power stations and our homes, there is a instigateing loss which is equal to I2R. So, greater the current, greater the loss in energy. Hence it would instead be more viable to use extremely high voltages and miniscule currents in order to transport the electricity. However, in order to avoid the heating loss, the electricity is transported at a voltage which is of the order of 106 Volts, period be household appliances run on current with a voltage of about 10 -20 Volts. therefore a device is needed which can alter the voltage of the current. This is where a transformer seeded players in.TransformerFigureSource http//www.constructionknowledge.net/electric/images_electrical/transformer.jpg, February 6th, 2010A transformer consists of a soft iron core with coils of wire on either end. It works on the prefatorial principle of electromagnetic induction. Thus when a current is passed through the prime coil, a second current is bring on in the junior-grade coil. However, in order for there to be any induced current in the supplementary coil, the voltage in the primary coil has to be continuously altering (which exit result in a compound in magnetic flux associated with the secondary coil). Hence, an AC current has to be used. Depending on the ratio of turns of the primary coil to the secondary coil, the transformer can be step up or step down. If the primary coil has more number of turns it is a step down transformer while if the secondary coil has more number of turns it is a step up transformer.As with any other device, transformers are not 100 % efficient. Transformers loose energy in four main ways Heating loss in the wiresFormation of eddy currentsHysteresis loss in the transformer coreBack emf induced by the secondary coilIn this essay, I shall focus on efficiency of step down transformers, and how it is link up to the current obtained.EfficiencyIn any device efficiency is defined as power output divided by power input. When specifically connect to transformers, efficiency refers to the ratio mingled with the power in the secondary coil and the power in the primary coil. As said before, power is measured through the formula P = VI, and due the losses of energy stated, the efficiency is never 100%.HypothesisIf the power in the Primary coil is Pp with a voltage Vp and current Ip, and the power in the secondary coil is Ps, with voltage Vs and current Is, the efficiency, . Since my focus is limited to the relationship of current in the secondary coil, I shall attempt to keep the power in the secondary coil constant. Thu s, the by varying the current and voltage in the primary coil, I pull up stakes be able to vary the the current in the secondary coil. If for different I values, the input power changes, then the efficiency too ordain change indicating a relationship.My hypothesis is that the efficiency will be related to the current in the secondary coil. This is because three main modes of losses in energy in transformers are related to current. Hysteresis is pro segment to the square of the current, heating losses are calculated by the formula I2R and back emf too depends on the current in the secondary coil. Thus, variations in current will run into power loss, and hence energy. However, a linear relationship is not expected. Firstly, there are three different quantities that are being affected, and second, each of those quantities themselves are not linearly related to current in the secondary coil.This experiment could friend in assessing the optimum current that should be drawn in order to tick off optimum efficiency. This would adopt major ramifications in devices which use transformers for example, electric arc welders use extremely high currents at extremely low voltages. This results in heat loss through I2R which would melt the metal. Hence, step-down transformers are essential components of electric arc welders. Thus, if the efficiency were to depend on the current drawn, (as I hypothesize), it would maintain to be taken into retainer by producers and consumers alike.Mathematical Proof of HypothesisHowever, the fuss may not be as simple as it looks. Since the current affects energy loss in three different ways, a change in it may cause the energy losses to change in different ways. Thus if one mode of loss of energy increases with increase in current, while the other two are inversely proportional, this experiment may not be able to accurately explain the separate components individually, but should be able to identify the optimum current as it takes into account the net effect of the change in current.Interestingly, keeping the power output constant will allow me to keep the numerator of efficiency constant. If I take to be the energy wooly, then the comparability becomesThe initial ratio should be equal to 1 as the total power induced in the secondary coil plus the energy lost should be equal to the energy in the primary coil this is followd from the principle of conservation of energy. Taking this to be a y= mx+c graph, one would assume that is the c. However, since in this experiment, power output is kept constant, becomes the c. Hence, for the equation to be of the form y=mx+c, it should be modified toHowever, in order to derive a relationship betwixt the energy loss and the input current alone (as a first step to later deriving the function between efficiency and output current), I will have to have only if two variables in the equation. Since Vp is a function of current, i.e. Vp = IpR and let as it is a constant, the equation can be further simplified toSince, I am looking to minimize energy loss or, differentiating the equation should give a rough feature as to the trend to be expected.Differentiating with respect to IpMinimizing means that should be as low as possible, ideally 0. Thus when becomes 0, becomes 0. Hence, lower the value of Ip, lesser the energy loss. What this implies is that the opposite would be true in the secondary coil a low primary current means a high secondary current. Thus, the heat loss should be the least when the current in the secondary coil is high. However, this might be a special case, as here the power in the secondary coil is constant.While the math does give me a basis on which to form a hypothesis, and could help explain the results if they support the hypothesis, it cannot be used directly in my data working. The main reason for this is that the foe of the circuit is unknown in my experiment. though I am influencing some portion of it through the resistan ce box, there is no way that I can determine the resistance of the entire circuit. Hence, I will not be able to use the equation directly in my processing. Instead, I will use a slightly approximate method that will help me identify the trend, though it would not help me quantify the resistance. I will use a graph of efficiency versus output current. Thus, based on the trend that I get, I could verify if the initial hypothesis was correct if efficiency increases with output current, the hypothesis would be proven correct.Design of the experimentThe biggest difficulty in the design of the experiment is maintaining the output power constant. Now, the only way that this can be achieved is through trial and error. Also, varying the input voltage to current ratio, will vary the output voltage to current ratio in the opposite way (assuming no variation due to energy losses). Thus the varying of the input V-I ratio will also assist in developing the versus Is graph later on. One of the major drawbacks of this design and line of reasoning is that it is not taking eddy currents into consideration at all. Therefore I will use industrially manufactured transformers which have heavily laminated cores. This will ensure that eddy currents are reduced as much as possible. Using industrially manufactured transformers however has its own set of problems. The transformers that can be used for this experiment (as in small size, of unconscious process specifications such as 220V-12V or 6V-220V) can hold only small currents (a maximum of 2-3 A). Hence, the range of readings I will be able to obtain will be limited to some extent. Even the industrially manufactured transformers hardly ever have efficiencies in excess of 50%. What remains to be seen though, is how this ratio changes with a change in the current drawn.The CircuitThe circuit has to be properly equipped to keep the power output constant. The power supply will be a subdued stat as this will allow me to place a vari ety of voltages across the circuit. I will also use a load/rheostat in the secondary coil so that I can keep the power constant even with changes in efficiency for example, if the efficiency increases with increasing current, a n increase in voltage in the primary coil will result in a greater increase in power in the secondary coil than before. The resistor will help me neutralize these variations. This set up will then be committed to an ammeter, and then the primary coil of the transformer. The secondary coil will have an ammeter connected in series and a voltmeter connected in parallel.Data gathering and ProcessingThe first step in the data collection is to identify the raw data table. Since the variables that I am measuring are the currents and voltages in the primary and secondary circuit, these values will be part of my raw data table. Also, integral to the design are the chosen power output and the resistance that is being applied on the secondary coil to ensure this. Henc e, these two will also be an important part of the raw data table.Thus the data table will look something like thisI have included one example to elucidate my data collection and method of processing getup PowerOutput CurrentOutput potentiality introduce CurrentInput Voltage1.39368.710.1602.611.610The data however needs to be impact further in order to be interpreted.I first need to calculate the input and output powers. Both are calculated the formula P = VI. Since, I am trying to keep the output power constant, the output power is predetermined at 1.39 W. The input power is hence 2.61*1.610 = 4.2021W. The efficiency is hence, , = = 0.3316This same process is repeated for every reading that I took, and hence I got my processed data table. The processed data table will consist of the output current and the efficiency with their respective uncertainties. The error propagation is described down the stairs, while the graph follows after.Processed Data TableOutput Current in mA (I) d oubtfulness in mA IEfficiency () hesitation 7.810.050.30650.017208.710.050.33160.019654.820.050.20710.009625.090.050.19280.008964.920.050.18590.008544.900.050.18520.008497.410.050.28160.015296.230.050.24170.012205.830.050.22240.010868.220.050.31650.018254.120.050.17140.007573.240.050.12920.005553.690.050.15620.006744.390.050.17910.008033.880.050.14220.00614Error PropagationErrors are a very important part of any experiment, as no process is perfect. Since readings are not perfectly precise, the upper and lower limits of uncertainties in the values have to be defined.I will start with the uncertainties in raw data.Uncertainty for current output 0.05mA This is determined due to the ergodic error involved. The opinionated error was only 0.01mA (the least count of the digital multimeter), and as the random error was greater, it was discarded. The random error was quite big since there were fluctuations in readings. I took multiple repetitions for a match of currents, and hence deter mined the random error. So for output current the repetitions are shown belowReading 1Reading 2Reading 3Uncertainty4.864.944.900.048.658.778.710.06Hence average uncertainty is (0.04 + 0.06)/2 = 0.05Thus the absolute uncertainty for output current was determined to be 0.05 mA.The same process of taking multiple readings for each of output voltage, input current and input voltage. Interestingly, uncertainty in input current was the same as that of output current which is 0.05mA, while the uncertainties in both input and output voltage were 0.005V. Though it would have been more precise to take multiple readings every single time, this proved to be very difficult due to the limitations of the dimmer stat. Hence, I took multiple readings only for 2 values in each of them.QuantityReadingUncertaintyInput Current3.1200.05mAOutput Current4.9000.05mAInput Voltage2.4170.003VOutput Voltage0.2850.003VThese errors have to be taken forward to the respective powers as well.Since P = VI,Power Input = Vi*Ii, = 3.12*2.417 = 7.5410mW= 0.13645mWSimilarly,Finally since ,Hence andThis method of error processing is done for every reading. I have shown only one example her, but the rest are in the appendices.Now that the processed data as well as the errors have been defined, a graph can be obtained. The graph is basically the efficiency versus the output current. This will help identify the trend and hence the implications.Graphical AnalysisThe graph is a straight line graph showing a direct relationship between efficiency and output current. Since the variables are directly proportional, the greater the output current, the greater the efficiency. The current has been taken on the x-axis as it is the independent variable while the efficiency is on the y-axis as it is the dependent variable. The error bars have been included. However there are two anomalous points (3.88, 0.1422) and (4.82, 0.2071). A line of best tote up has been incorporated with an R2 value of 0.985 which indicat es very accurate data.Thus the data that I have collected supports the initial hypothesis that I made. While I have mathematically supported the hypothesis earlier, the physics-explanation is still left.In order to answer this, I will look at each of the three current related fountains of energy loss separately.I will start by analysing the heating loss in the wires of the transformers. This is determined by the formula I2R since the resistance can be rewritten as , the heating loss can be rewritten as . Thus, since the heating loss is directly proportional to the length of the wire, the coarseer the wire the greater the loss in power. As the current output is large, it implies that the current input is low, which means that the transformer is a step down transformer. Since in a step down transformer, NsNext, we come to hysteresis loss. Hysteresis loss, according to an article by the eccentric scientist Nikola Tesla, is proportional to the square of the input current. Thus, it can be inferred that the efficiency increases with increasing current in the secondary current as the hysteresis loss follows the opposing trend.Last but not the least, we come to back emf. Interestingly, this source of power loss also fits the hypothesis. Back emf refers to the emf that is re-induced by the secondary coil in the primary coil. This emf, thus opposes the initial emf that is present, and in overcoming this, there is some loss of power. Thus, the greater the change in emf in the secondary coil, the greater the power loss due to back emf. As current increases in the secondary coil, the emf reduces, and hence so will the change in emf due to the alternating magnetic flux. Thus, a greater secondary current will reduce power loss due to back emf as well.Thus we have seen the physical explanations for the data that I had collected. As I said earlier, one major problem is the complete negligence of eddy currents. That however cannot be helped given the limitations of my design. Application of findings to real lifeThe above findings have great implications on any device that uses transformers. Due to the relation that has arisen, a higher efficiency is an inherent property of any step down transformers, while consequently, step up transformers tend to have lower efficiencies. Thus producers and consumers of devices which use these transformers need to take this into consideration. Take the electric arc welder for example. This is device that works at extremely low voltages with extremely high currents. Thus, the normal 220V that is available on the mains has to be stepped down, and hence it uses a step down transformer. Thus, the efficiency of the device would tend to be reasonably high.Extending the same ideas to power transmission systems, the opposite effect is noticed. Due to the Joule heating effect, power is normally transmitted at high voltages and low currents. Hence when it reaches the households, the power has to be stepped down. Here though, the relative change in voltage is comparatively far lesser than in the electric arc welder. Thus the efficiency here will be a lot lesser than in the electric arc welder. Thus, this power loss has to be taken into consideration when planning out the power transmission systems. The optimum voltage to current should be determined so that the total power loss between the transformer, as well as the wire should be as less as possible. Thus, using the relation from this data as well as the Joule-heating effect, the power loss has to be minimized for the whole system and not just the loss during transmission in the wires.Conclusion and EvaluationSource of ErrorLike any other experiment, there are errors are present here.. These wereFirst, eddy currents were not taken into consideration. In order to overcome this, I used laminated cores. The problem with eddy currents is that they cannot be quantified using the data I could collect, and hence I could not calculate them. Also, it is next to imp ossible to nullify them completely. However, as this was present through all readings, it becomes a part of the systematic error. As this is negligible (the x-intercept of the graph is very close to 0), it can be concluded that eddy currents did not affect the readings by much.The second major source of error was my crude method of keeping power output constant. Starting with the insensitive dimmer stat, I could not control the power output to more than 3 significant figures. Thus there were variations in the power output which were of the order of 10-3. This too would have added to the error caused. This though would have been part of the random error, as it varied from reading to reading. However, due to the fact that multiple readings were taken, the error would have been minimized.Another source of error is the resistance in both circuits. The resistance in both circuits was unknown. Though I did determine some portion of the resistance through the resistance box, the wires were not ideal, i.e. they too had a resistance of their own. The power loss from these wires is thus not accounted for. To be more accurate, this too should be calculated and subtracted from the total power loss to get the power lost only in the transformer.Improvements in designFirst of all, a more sensitive dimmer stat must be used. This basically means that the least count of the dimmer stat should be 1mV so t5hat fine tuning can be done.Second, wires of known resistivity and length should be used. This will help make the readings more accurate as then power lost in the external circuit can be removed.Also, I used only 1 transformer throughout my experiment. Though multiple readings were taken, random error could have been further minimised by using multiple transformers.Scope for further researchMy experiment was limited to just step down transformers. Though a relation was identified, it remains to be seen whether the relation will hold or become the opposite with step up transform ers. The reason behind this is that the turns ratios of step up transformers follow an opposite trend to that of step down transformers, i.e. in step down transformers NsReflectionsFor me, this extended essay was much more than just a requirement to be fulfilled in order to complete the IB Diploma. Throughout this process I have gained valuable hands-on pretend which I am sure will help me in my further studies. Apart from pushing the boundaries of my knowledge, I have also developed my research skills. non only have I figured out how to go about a basic research project, but I have also learnt not to be disappointed in the face of setbacks. This essay was my third one, as problems arose in the first and second ones. Although I was initially disheartened, now I regard them as being equally important experiences, as I have realized that failure is part of any scientific process. In fact, it was the first couple of failures that helped me understand the subject better than I could have hoped. Personally this was a deeply enriching experience that I know will assist me for a long time to come.BibliographyFeynman, R. P. (2005). The Feynamn Lectures on Physics, The Definitive Edition Volume 2. Addison Wesley.Halliday, R. a. (2004). Fundamentals of Physics. Wiley.Heathcote, M. J. (2007). The J P Transformer Book A Practical Technology of the Power Transformer. Newnes.Tsokos, K. A. (2008). Physics for the IB Diploma. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.http//en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Losses_Due_to_Hysteresis_in_Transformershttp//www.citycollegiate.com/transformers2.htmhttp//www.constructionknowledge.net/electrical/images_electrical/transformer.jpghttp//www.copper.org/applications/electrical/energy/trans_losses.htmlhttp//www.elkor.net/pdfs/AN0305-Current_Transformers.pdfhttp//www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_2/chpt_9/2.htmlhttp//www.conformity.com/artman/publish/printer_47.shtmlhttp//www.losgatosmanufacturing.com/classes/handouts/arc_welding_unit.pdfAppendicesAppend ix 1My raw data is presented belowOutput Current in mA (Is)Output Voltage in V (Vs)Input Current in mA (Ip)Input Voltage in V (Vp)7.810.1792.651.7218.710.1602.611.6104.820.2903.012.2425.090.2733.092.3334.920.2833.122.4014.900.2853.122.4177.410.1882.751.7996.230.2232.852.0175.830.2392.942.1318.220.1692.631.6694.120.3383.282.4773.240.4303.513.0733.690.3763.492.5454.390.3173.212.4203.880.3603.412.880Appendix 2The processed data without the errors is represented belowOutput power in mW (Ps)Input Power in mW (Pp)Efficiency ()1.39804.56070.30651.39364.20210.33161.39786.74840.20711.38967.20900.19281.39247.49110.18591.39657.54100.18521.39314.94730.28161.38935.74850.24171.39346.26510.22241.38924.38950.31651.39268.12460.17141.393210.78620.12921.38748.88210.15621.39167.76820.17911.39689.82080.1422Appendix 3This is the data with the uncertainties included.Output Current in mA (Is)Uncertainty in mA (Is)Output Voltage in V (Vs)Uncertainty in V (Vs)Output power in mW (Ps)Uncertainty in mW (Ps)7.81 0.050.1790.0051.39800.04808.710.050.1600.0051.39360.05164.820.050.2900.0051.39780.03865.090.050.2730.0051.38960.03914.920.050.2830.0051.39240.03884.900.050.2850.0051.39650.03887.410.050.1880.0051.39310.04656.230.050.2230.0051.38930.04235.830.050.2390.0051.39340.04118.220.050.1690.0051.38920.04964.120.050.3380.0051.39260.03753.240.050.4300.0051.39320.03773.690.050.3760.0051.38740.03734.390.050.3170.0051.39160.03783.880.050.3600.0051.39680.0374Input Current in mA (Is)Uncertainty in mA (Is)Input Voltage in V (Vs)Uncertainty in V (Vs)Input Power in mW (Ps)Uncertainty in mW (Ps)2.650.051.7210.0054.56070.099302.610.051.6100.0054.20210.093553.010.052.2420.0056.74840.127153.090.052.3330.0057.20900.132103.120.052.4010.0057.49110.135653.120.052.4170.0057.54100.136452.750.051.7990.0054.94730.103702.850.052.0170.0055.74850.115102.940.052.1310.0056.26510.121252.630.051.6690.0054.38950.096603.280.052.4770.0058.12460.140253.510.053.0730.00510.78620.171203.490.052.5450.0058.88210.144703.210.052.420 0.0057

Coal Industry: Ethical Analysis

blacken Industry Ethical AnalysisThe animation industry is more relevant right away than ever before. As modern technology thrives, so does energy. It has become a necessity used in many aras of life much(prenominal) as agriculture, transportation, ravage collection, information technology and communications. All of which ar critical components for roughly functional societies. The industry is made up of many different entities, which include the petroleum industry, flub industry, electrical power industry, blacken industry, nuclear power industry, re brand-newable energy industry, and the traditional energy industry. The oil and gas industry account for most of the market, proviso 60% of total demand. Then there is the coal industry coming in second, accounting for 20% of the industries market shargon. These industries face continuous debate regarding their end product and sales, especially here in the United States. The United States is one of the worlds biggest consume rs of energy and the energy industry is the third galacticst industry within our country (U.S zero Industry). This has gene graded a roundabout of humankindity for the industry, due to the increased use and demand for energy as a whole. And since there is more and more emphasis placed on the environs, the media has highlighted the negative aspects that surround the business. In this section we are going to encounter a closer look at the coal industry, investigating some of the respectable issues facing coal.Ethical Issues Facing Coal IndustryThroughout history coal has been a very abundant and essential resource, especially for us in the United States. We most commonly use it for producing our electricity and heat. Today coal gene pass judgment more than half of our electricity, with there being nearly 600 coal-fueled power readys nationwide. The industry as well progress tos over 550,000 jobs in our country (Take Action). So we should not neglect the fact that coal is a m ajor contributor to our society and almost everyone benefits from its use. But contrary most opposite industries, coal faces a multitude of ethical issues. These issues mint be broken down into three categories, environmental, social, and ethical (sustainability).Coal creates a lot of problems for the environment. The main one has to do with air pollution ( speed of light emissions). When burned coal emits high levels of carbon copy dioxide to the atmosphere, which is the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming. It also emits opposite pollutants to the air when burned which include mercury, selenium, and arsenic. As far as waste management goes, coal creates a lot of solid waste product such as fly ash, bottom ash, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge. This waste contains mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other metals that are all harmful for the environment. Coal also pollutes the water. This occurs mostly during the various extraction processes. The process that gets the most exposure, especially around the Appalachian region, is a form of surface mining called mountaintop removal. This process involves extracting entire coal seams from a mountain, hill, or ridge by re miserable the priming or overburden above the seam (which pollutes the water and depletes woodland resources). These are just a few examples of the negative environmental impacts of coal (Environmental Impacts of Coal).There are also many social challenges facing the coal industry, but we are just going to focus on the negative health effects and employee golosh. Coal can cause a lot of health problems. These problems include respiratory issues (bronchitis, asthma attacks, etc.), black lung, congestive heart failure, and some forms of cancer. Mostly people simulate these sicknesses through the extraction, preparation, combustion, waste storage, and transport of coal, but the general public can also be impact. Employee safety is another social concern that surrounds the c oal industry. This character of industry involves the use of heavy equipment, which creates several safety hazards. Fire, explosion, the release of gas and structural failure are some of the other safety risks associated with coal (Fears). Overall, this is a very dangerous job requiring workers to always be alert and aware of their work environment at all times.Finally lets discuss sustainability. There are new-made figures that show the coal industry is in decline. This is the result of new government regulations and rules, which are trying to decrease carbon emissions. This creates long-term problems for the coal industry, because recent trends show that society wants to do anything they can to preserve the environment and find a clean houseer energy source. Another reason for the decline is the recent inflow of cheap lifelike gas to the United States (Plumer). All in all, the future looks pretty grim for the coal industry.Pressures Facing Coal IndustryEnergy companies such a s the coal industry shit created problems such as pollution, global warming, nuclear wastes, oil spillages, etc. Because these problems affect the environment, the public has started to pay attention. Environmental amuse groups and government regulations are responsible for bringing military press to corporations in the energy industry.Because the results of burning coal can damage the environment, many environmentalists and activist organizations have brought pressure to the industry. Groups such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, Sierra Club, Environmental Defense Fund, and the Natural Resources Defense Council are some of the more popular environmental activist organizations (Sills). These organizations may rate a threat to the coal industry because they push the use of renewable energy and participate in strikes, protests, complaints to the government, and online video posts to gain public attention against companies in the energy industry that may be a threat to the envir onment (Tesh). Many of these activist groups have over 1 million members and can potentially create a lot of pressure on the energy industry in the future (Tesh).The environmental group that causes the biggest threat to the coal industry is the Greenpeace group, as they are the largest independent direct-action environmental organization in the world (Greenpeace.org). The primary goals of Greenpeace are to shut down dirty industries, advocate laws to curb global warming, create a path towards cleaner energy, and publically expose those companies that support the use of dirty energy. Greenpeace has also started an Energy Revolution which includes a blueprint for protecting the environment through investing in renewable energy. Part of the Energy Revolution includes the Quit Coal Campaign which fights to eliminate the use of coal because coal blast power plants are the biggest source of man-made CO2 emissions, making the use of coal energy the greatest threat facing our climate. Over the past bring together years, campaigns by the Greenpeace group have resulted in victories of shutting down coal plants around the world (Greenpeace.org).Activist groups against the coal industry can even be instal on the Virginia tech campus. Greenpeace at Virginia Tech and VT Beyond Coal are two major groups on campus that are fighting for a break-dance environment. According to the website of VT Beyond Coal, the campus power plant burns 46,000 tons of coal (VT Beyond Coal). VT Beyond Coal has started a petition that is committed to transitioning VTs coal plant to 100% clean, renewable energy by 2020. This petition to Invent a clean future is part of a movement to bring clean energy to over 60 universities in the United States (VT Beyond Coal).Along with pressures from activist groups, energy and environmental regulations by the United States government are increasing and meet more complex. According to The Daily Caller magazine of Washington D.C., the Environmental Protect ion Agency is on the job(p) with President Obama to tighten regulations on oil, gas, and coal for the attached four years (Bastasch). So far, the coal industry has been affected the most by the regulations and has experienced a shutdown of more than 200 coal-fired generators across 25 supposes. Coal mining companies have also been hurt by these regulations and have seen a loss of 17,000 jobs since May 2012. Also, research from Thomas Pyle, President of the Institute for Energy Research, has determined that energy prices pull up stakes continue to rise as a result of the environmental policies. Due to the Environmental Protection Agencys oppressive regulations, Pyle also quotes, coal is toast (Bastasch).The pressures from activists groups and the government will push for companies in the coal industry to be more accountable towards societies needs instead of the needs of the shareholders (Tesh). Actions of activists groups may salute companies money and may cause more people to protest against traditional energy sources. Government policies will also be a financial run to energy companies as they impose fines if regulations are not followed. As a result of these pressures, the coal industry will have to make changes.Corporate well-disposed Responsibility ActivitiesBecause there are a number of ethical issues facing the coal industry, companies in this industry have being running(a) at its vanquish to improve the social and environmental impact of their activities. Peabody Energy is known for being the worlds largest private-sector coal confederation. They are also the global leader for finding alternative clean coal solutions and sustainable mining. It is Peabody Energys mission to be a leading worldwide producer and supplier of sustainable energy solutions that enable economic prosperity and a better quality of life (Peabody).As their corporeal responsibility, they have been addressing issues in employee, economic, public, and environmental responsi bility.Peabodys Safety Vision is to prevent zero incidents, occupational illnesses, and property damage. Safety improvements prevail a priority to Peabody Energy in all of their global coal plants. They have been making efforts to increase a safe workplace environment by using surveys and assessments to gain feedback from its employees. In 2011, Peabody completed the installation of electric resistance communication systems so that miners underground are able to better communicate problems that may modernize so that rescue teams are notified to assist workers right away. Peabody has also introduced Safety a Way of Life, which is their training program for employees to transition into the companys safety systems and processes (Peabody). In sum to employee responsibility, Peabody Energy believes in the importance of preserving the environment. The key principle of their mission is to leave the land in a condition equal to or better than we found it (Peabody). In 2011, Peabody rest ored more than 5,100 acres of mined lands and has been creating rangeland, wildlife habitat, hardwood forests, and wetland. The company encourages regular monitoring so that they meet or exceed compliance standards. Peabody has spent $290 million on just land restoration alone (Peabody). They have also introduced a three year study of global energy and water use to stir environmental conditions. Peabody is one of the very few coal companies that is advancing in clean coal technologies and pursuing different practices to maximize energy efficiencies so that they can improve the carbon dioxide intensity. Beginning in 2006, Peabody has partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey to undertake methane content in its mines. Peabody has been focusing on their environmental responsibilities as a company through partnerships with other organizations and participating in projects toward zero greenhouse gas emissions, new clean coal technologies, maintaining energy efficiency and emissions inte nsity, and shaping effective carbon policy . ArchCoal is another coal mining company known for its corporate social responsibility initiatives. Like Peabody Energy, ArchCoal has been focusing on the same responsibilities in safety and environmental conditions. ArchCoals guiding principle is safety. They promote the Perfect Zero principle of zero injuries and zero environmental violations. Like Peabody, ArchCoal has been finding ways to make their working environment safer for its employees. In 2011, they invested $14 million in a two-way communication and tracking systems for mines to prevent accidents underground. Additionally, ArchCoal has been constantly training its employees for preparedness and preventing possible accidents (ArchCoal). ArchCoal is working on various initiatives to reduce air emissions from coal electricity. They have been investing in technology to find ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide emissions. ArchCoal has recently introduced its waste management program where water, oil, and metal are recycled. Coal companies are more active in their corporate social responsibilities that other companies in different industries. Because the industry itself is so dangerous for some(prenominal) employees and the environment, coal companies have been working hard to provide the right environment and resources for employees. Furthermore, because the environment is detrimentally affected by the activities of coal companies, companies are taking more initiative to focus and take responsibility for their actions. Investment Policy Recommendations Virginia Tech needs to take corporate social responsibility and ethical issues of the coal industry into account when determining its investment decisions. Energy from coal is under a lot of scrutiny in the public eye since it is perceived as dirty and old technology. With the future of energy pointing towards clean technology such as solar and wind energy, Virginia Tech needs to be on the forefront. They need to set themselves as a leading academic institution that is moving away from coal and into clean technology. The guide word for the institution is Invent the Future(www.vt.edu), therefore taking the initiative to be ahead of the curve. When investing the schools endowment funds, it is important to take ethical issues into account but at the same time not take a financial loss. The great thing about not investing in coal but other technology is that they are taking ethical issues into account but are also focusing the funds into an area that is growing at an exponential rate and will lead to financial gains rather than losses. As a public institution there is a constant eye on Virginia Techs every move, whether it be policy with students, academic rankings, but most importantly where their endowment decides to invest their money. With that being said, it is acceptable to take a financial loss because you have to take the public views into account. Virginia T ech is closely related to the coal industry, with a coal power plant on campus and being located in SouthWest Virginia where the skirt areas are heavy in coal, so it is a tough choice to not invest in coal. Therefore there will be both sides arguing over the investment in coal. You will have the local coal areas feeling as though the University is not looking out for them and consequently you will have the group that is all for clean technology and that has been trying to get the school to find a new source for power. Though, just because we will not be recommending that Virginia Tech invest in coal it doesnt mean that the power plant has to go immediately. We are saying that by investing in other technology, they will be putting money into companies that are developing new technology that Virginia Tech can then go and use to find their own energy for use on campus and in the surrounding areas in the future. As they focus their investments into cleaner energy and choosing ethical reasons over financial technology, the public eye will change and they will see Virginia Tech as a leader in the future.Investment RecommendationsWhen looking back at the separate of Virginias long history it is impossible to forget the impact that fossil fuels have had on the region. Fossil fuels and more specifically coal have been some of the biggest employers and taxation generating industry in the state. 2006, the total value of fossil fuels mined in Virginia was about $2.4 billion. Coal accounted for about 72 percent ($1.7 billion) of this total value, while natural gas accounted for about 28 percent ($660.3 million), and oil less than 1 percent ($1.1 million).(Virginia Tech Department of Mines) In recent years the total measuring of coal produced in the country has been a little more than one billion tones still a huge number despite the push for new green energy. In Virginia production has been around thirty to forty million tones, mostly in the southwestern coalfields ( VEPT). However coal production has decreased in the state to the low 30s consistently. Our group would suggest Virginia Tech to not invest in fossil fuels and specifically coal mining as coal prices have decreased while the costs for obtaining and operating mines have increased. This is due to a number of factors, one of the most important factors is the trend of coal mining moving westward to states like Wyoming where mining is cheaper and easier due to the geological conditions there. adept major problem is that almost all coal mines in the Appalachian area are underground mines in contrast to their western counterparts which tend to be surface mines allowing for easier and cheaper extraction. Virginia also has had a long history of coal mining which has led to the depletion of slow obtainable reservoirs forcing mining firms to look for untapped reserves.It is common knowledge that the use of fossil fuels has negative effects on many aspects of our lives, from health concerns in cluding higher rates of asthma in areas with heavy pollution but also the potentially devastating effects of global warming. These are only a few of the ethical concerns facing an industry as controversial as the coal industry. Specifically coal industry creates many issues for the environments that contain coal mines. Coal mines generate large amounts of solid waste especially when considering that several coal mining companies engage in the practice of mountaintop removal. Mountaintop mining uses explosives to expose the coal seams and transform what would have been underground mining to a form of surface mining. This is a common method of mining in the Appalachian Mountains. Studies have shown that mountaintop mining has had very serious consequences for the environment. One of the biggest impacts of this form of mining is the contamination of local watersheds. This is caused by placing the undesired materials created by exposing the coal seam in valleys or filler holes which ine vitably ends up pollute streams that eventually flow into the watershed. Exposure to these streams have been shown to lead to hospitalization for a verity of health concerns including Rates of mortality, lung cancer, as well as chronic heart, lung and kidney complaint are also increased.(M.A. Palmer et al. Mountaintop Mining Consequences, Science, 8 January 2010, Vol. 327, p. 148) Instead of investing in more untapped reserves our group would instead look towards more renewable resources to cover our energy needs. The energy produced in Virginia accounts for less than half the total energy consumed in the state leading to the obvious conclusion that the state relies on other sources to provide energy. Based on estimates by The U.S. Energy Information Administration Virginia Energy consumption was estimated to be 2,558 trillion Btu while the energy produced as fossil fuels mined in Virginia was about 28% of total consumption. In Virginia Coal-fired power plants remains the largest chunk of electrical power generation in the state with 45%.

Langauge Essay -- essays research papers

LanguageMy language has mainly been influenced socially and politically. The society taught me the proper itinerary to speak, when to speak, and to whom to speak. The politics taught me what views I should hold when I speak. Yet the influences argon different through out the world as I have learned when I moved to United States, at the age of nine, from The Former Soviet Union. It has been a very unique experience to learn the social and political boundary differences of the two different nations. My first language experience was through my family and pre-school, as they both taught me the proper ways to vocalise letters. Later on they putt a heavy infuses on me to learn how to make proper sounds when saying words. I recall that one(a) of the hardest sounds I had to learn was to roll my rs. I learned another(prenominal) unique sounds as well through out my junior years. I had to learn the proper way to speak in order to sound educated. In The Former Soviet Union a person would be seen inferior if he or she could not speak properly. After pre-school I moved on to the first grade and was expected to learn political poems and other text. The poems that I learned had their own influence on my speech and its content. The nation was heavily influenced by political patriotism and there for so was the language. I retrieve as a kid my friends and I would always say that we swear on Lenin, an x - national hero, as people in United States say they cross their heart. I would always see adults seating down and arguing about politics and would always think why are the arguing so hard about it if they cant do anything about it. Now I understand that they argued because it was firm and proper to care about the government so much. When I watched the television as a kid I would always see cartoons that would teach me the proper ways to communicate with others. But at many quantify when I would turn the television on I would see the president speaking on every channel. I never really understood his patriotic speeches to the nation. I was expected to be very respectful to all elders by waiting to speak to them after they were done speaking, and to never interrupt two adults composition they are talking to each other. And if I was very to address an adult the only proper way to do so was to make eye come through and speak ... ...n in the same way by analyzing the content of their speech and the grammar. Of course those are very stereotypical ways to judge people, but it is the way that the class system works in U.S. Unlike in Soviet Union were people where there were two classes of either educated or they were not, in U.S. there are many levels of the class system. I have learned that it is helpful to be able to communicate with all types of people, there is no unity best way to communicate. But when communicating through various types of reports it is very important to be able to use proper grammar, formatting, and sentence structures. That is th e only one standard that everyone needs to know. Every persons ideas and feeling can be expressed on paper, yet the only way to really do that is to know the proper techniques. Oral Communication is world wide in different molds, but communication by words on paper is a world standard. Therefore, the greatest language lesson that I have learned so far is the impotents of knowing how to properly communicate my feelings and ideas on paper.

Blogging for Emotional Well Being Essay -- Blogs

Blogging for Emotional Well BeingImagine keeping a diary every day, but instead of locking it up and stowing it in your desk drawer, you do the exact opposite. You post it on the Web, letting the entire world -- well, anyone who stumbles upon it, anyway -- inside your head. (Nord) I am sure that almost everyone at some(a) point in time has received the following advice when feeling down Why dont you write erupt your thoughts?, Write a outcry or a poem., Write a letter to a friend, telling what you feel. In effect, write Writing is therapeutic. Its a fact of life that everyone has experienced. all(prenominal) author, poet, songwriter, speaker we know has written for one simple reason, they need to. I caught up on my webreading today, and that article on web logging really whip home. I know that most folks dont care about what Im writing. The keys to why I want to keep it up ( none, Im still trying to keep it up, not always making it) are A) its therapeutic as hell just to write it B) someone might care, and respond, and that ONE someone makes it all okay. (FanBoy) Writing out personal thoughts, feelings, observations, and experiences increases the understanding of ones way of thinking. It helps one realize issues not thought about before. Writing can solve problems by getting to the root of issues. People keep journals, sketchbooks, or diaries to assist in understanding themselves. Some people keep blogs. Blogs are very much like journals in that there is a freedom to type out a plethera of feeling and emotion onto a keyboard. Observations such as a description of an interesting person seen that day may fall into a personal web log. These blogs, often updated several times a day, were instead a record of the blogg... ...eople to help themselves. works cited Golding, David. David Golding Presents. Online Posting. April 22, 2001. March 18, 2002. <http//pah2.weblogs.com Blood, Rebecca. Weblogs A History and Perspective Rebeccas Pocket. September 2000. 23 March 2002. < http//www.rebeccablood.net/essays/weblog_history.html Nord, Tom. Blogs Share Peoples Stories. Gannett News Service. 9 April 2001. 24 March 2002. <http//detnews.com/2001/technews/0104/09/b01-209360.htm Grohol, John M. Psy D. psychological science of Weblogs. Online posting. April 2001. 24 March 2002. < http//www.psychcentral.com/blogs/ Hoyum, Sonja. My Little Marathon. Online posting. 6 22 25 March 2002. 11 April 2002. <http//www.xanga.com/home.asp?user=fjorgyn FanBoy. G-Blog, FanBoy. Online Posting. 26 Feb 2002. 17 April 2002. <http//www.g-blog.net/entry/446